A magnified look at the cervix when your smear or HPV test suggests it.
With the colposcope I examine the cervix under magnification, using gentle stains that highlight any areas needing attention.
If I see something that should be looked at more closely, I take a small biopsy during the same visit. It is a short test done in my office, and it lets us decide on solid ground whether monitoring is enough or treatment is needed.